Journal: Bioactive Materials
Article Title: Harnessing bi-exosome combination alleviates osteoarthritis progression
doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2025.11.050
Figure Lengend Snippet: Evolution of the in vivo anti-osteoarthritic effects of Exo. (A) Anti-osteoarthritic scheme timeline: (i) Fabrication of Exo-loaded microspheres using microfluidic technology; (ii) The OA rats were indued by joint destabilization and over-erosion for 4 weeks followed by two intraarticular injections with 2 weeks interval. Measurements were conducted at the 2 weeks and 12 weeks post-2nd drug administration; (iii) Mechanical sensitivity (Von Frey) test; (iv) Mobility (Gait) analysis. Figure was created using BioRender. (B) Representative morphology of the microsphere in oil phase, scale bar: 50 μm. (C) Representative image showing DiI labeled B‐Exo and DiO labeled C‐Exo inside microsphere, scale bar: 50 μm. White dash circles indicate the microsphere outer boundaries. (D) Size distribution analysis of Exo-loaded microspheres. (E) Release curve of protein-containing Exo from Exo-loaded microspheres in vitro . (F) The pain threshold of the hind paw in rats at 12-week. (G) Quantification analysis of stride length, stand time, swing time, and swing speed of rats at 12-week. (H and J) Representative μCT images of osteophyte after 12-week joint injection, and quantification analysis of the osteophyte volume, scale bar: 5 mm. (I) The width of knee joint in rats at 12-week. (K) The changes of synovial fluid cytokine (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β) levels in 12-week rat knee joints. Data are given as mean ± SD, n = 4 rats per group (except for (E), n = 3). Statistical significance was determined by one-way ANOVA and Tukey's multiple comparisons test.
Article Snippet: These two phases were mixed to form droplets at the junction within the microfluidic chip flow channel (Regenovo, DY01-1661).
Techniques: In Vivo, Labeling, In Vitro, Injection